Football Fitness & Freshness

Summary of Mandorino et al. (2025)


Relying on running volume as a key performance indicator is not only misleading — it is outdated and should be dropped entirely (Buchheit & Verheijen, 2024; Verheijen, 2025)

AI based summery:

Background

Running distance has long been treated as a key performance indicator (KPI) in football.
Mandorino et al. (2025) argue that running is not the cause of success but a consequence of tactical and technical behavior.
The authors propose focusing on football-specific readiness: fitness and freshness.

Football Fitness
Defined as the ability to perform football actions frequently and efficiently over 90+ minutes. It reflects cardiovascular efficiency during real football tasks rather than VO2max or lab tests.

→ Measured via a Fitness Index (FI): if actual HR is lower than predicted for a given load, the player is fitter.

Football Freshness
Represents neuromuscular readiness — the ability to execute football actions efficiently without
mechanical fatigue.

→ Measured via a Freshness Index (FR): if actual PlayerLoad™ is lower than predicted, the player is fresher.



Niels de Vries
Niels de Vries
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